• Extracellular ATP and downstream purinergic signaling have

  2024-09-23

  

  Extracellular ATP and downstream purinergic signaling have also been proposed to contribute to dental pulp tissue healing and dentin regeneration. Mechanical and thermal stimulation of external dentin can induce ATP release in dental pulp through pannexins [13]. Cold stimulation was also reported to

• Although the effects of adenosine

  2024-09-23

  

  Although the effects of adenosine receptor signaling in acute renal IRI have been attributed to the generation of high concentrations of adenosine, we have recently reported an increase in kidney levels of both AMP and adenosine, with a concomitant fall in ATP and ADP. We have also previously demons

• br GMF Remodels Actin Networks at the Leading Edge

  2024-09-23

  

  GMF Remodels Actin Networks at the Leading Edge How are the conserved activities of GMF used in vivo to regulate branched HOBt networks (e.g., at sites of endocytosis and at the leading edge) (Figure 2A,B)? In animal cells, the regulatory effects of GMF on actin networks appear to govern lamelli

• Compound mg was purified as an amorphous colourless powder

  2024-09-23

  

  Compound 3 (29 mg) was purified as an amorphous, colourless powder. Molecular formula C20H28O4 was established by HRESIMS (Fig. S11) and corroborated with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data (Table 1). IR spectrum showed bands for hydroxyl (3433 cm−1) and carbonyl (1686 cm−1) groups. 13C NMR spectrum

• The central problem in amnesia developing following impairme

  2024-09-23

  

  The central problem in amnesia developing following impairment of long-term memory consolidation or reconsolidation is a question of the underlying mechanisms, whether it is caused by impairment of retrieval or memory storage mechanisms [3,8,9,[15], [16], [17], [18]]. To answer this question, severa

• Our current knowledge on autophagy broadly differentiates it

  2024-09-23

  

  Our current knowledge on autophagy broadly differentiates it into three types: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Macroautophagy mainly involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic contents in a double-walled membrane followed by the fusion with the lysosomes. The lysosom

• Introduction The first use of the term autophagy

  2024-09-23

  

  Introduction The first use of the term “autophagy” by a French physiologist, M. Anselmier, in a short article describing the effects of fasting in mice published in 1859, took place almost a century before Christian De Duve described it from a mechanistic point of view in a symposium on lysosomes i

• br Conflicts of interest br Introduction Phosphatidic acid p

  2024-09-23

  

  Conflicts of interest Introduction Phosphatidic BI-847325 synthesis phosphatase (PAP) enzymes are responsible for catalyzing the reaction that dephosphorylates phosphatidic acid (PA), which in turn produces diacylglycerol (DAG) and a phosphate group during phospholipid regulation (Fig. 1A) [1]

• As in humans and other mammalians

  2024-09-23

  

  As in humans and other mammalians spontaneous activity of sinoatrial pacemaker Atazanavir in in the zebrafish heart crucially depends on proper HCN4 channel activity (If) and spontaneous diastolic depolarization [15,81]. Whether Na+/K+-ATPase currents regulate next to phase of myocardial repolariza

• ATM is generally regarded to be

  2024-09-23

  

  ATM is generally regarded to be the principal mediator of the G1 Fructose checkpoint, whereas the induction of the intra-S-phase and G2/M checkpoints are usually primarily related to ATR function. However, several studies have demonstrated that, depending on the cellular context and type of DNA dam

• The class C receptors also share a

  2024-09-23

  

  The class C receptors also share a common agonist-binding mode. In all cases, an agonist induces VFT closure by forming intermolecular bonds with surface residues in both the LB1 and LB2 domains (Geng et al., 2013, Geng et al., 2016, Kunishima et al., 2000, Muto et al., 2007, Nuemket et al., 2017, T

• br Author contribution br Acknowledgement br Introduction Si

  2024-09-23

  

  Author contribution Acknowledgement Introduction Since the initial finding of Gould et al. [1], showing the loss of dendritic spines in the hippocampus after ovariectomy and its rescue after treatment of the animals with estradiol, a tremendous number of studies have demonstrated a role of

• Infections inflammation and corneal transplant can all cause

  2024-09-21

  

  Infections, inflammation, and corneal transplant can all cause corneal neovascularization via upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, which attract myeloid p2y receptor into the cornea. These myeloid cells establish a cycle of cytokine secretion and further myeloid cell recruitment in the cornea. Th

• br Experimental br Acknowledgment br Introduction The

  2024-09-21

  

  Experimental Acknowledgment Introduction The NADPH-dependent reduction of d-glucose catalyzed by aldose reductase (E.C.1.1.1.21) (AR) is considered as one of the phenomena leading to the onset of long term diabetic complications [as review see: [1], [2]. In fact, the reduction of the sugar,

• The macrophage is the major cell

  2024-09-21

  

  The macrophage is the major cell type responsible for cholesterol uptake and metabolism associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis in focal areas of the arterial subendothelial space. In advanced atherosclerotic lesions of cardiovascular disease, cholesterol-induced macrophage

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